See cherl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "Chorlton"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "*cheorlton"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "churl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "churl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "churle"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "chourle"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "chorl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorl",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeorl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorl"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċeorl",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "carl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of carl",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċeorl, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz; thus a doublet of carl.\nThe variant /t͡ʃoːrl/ (and subsequent /t͡ʃurl/ with shortening) reflects a shift of stress to the second element of Old English /e͜oː/ (from earlier /e͜o/ with lengthening after /rl/; the unlengthened form yields /t͡ʃɔrl/) after /t͡ʃ/; compare chesen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cherles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheerl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheril",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherld",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chirl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherril",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "charle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "chorll",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"form": "cheorl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chorl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chorle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churlle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherelle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cherl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cherles"
},
"expansion": "cherl (plural cherles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 11 17 7 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 8 17 5 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms of address",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 5 5 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 5 5 4 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Feudalism",
"orig": "enm:Feudalism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 0 0 0 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "enm:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
115
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
123,
131
]
],
"english": "[…] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]",
"ref": "c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 82, recto; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "[…] ffoꝛ he hadde in pat rocher / Yloꝛe mony a counſeıler / Monẏ duẏk monẏ eoꝛl / Monẏ baroun knẏȝt sweẏn and cheoꝛl […]",
"translation": "[…] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A serf or peasant; a feudal tenant farmer."
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-3x1r3yBX",
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"tenant",
"tenant"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A servant or bondsman; one who serves a noble."
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-op8HSxED",
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A freeman (as opposed to a slave)"
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-AStBSChc",
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose#English"
],
[
"slave",
"slave#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A boor or simpleton; an ignorant or unrefined person."
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-1KGPoFVd",
"links": [
[
"boor",
"boor"
],
[
"simpleton",
"simpleton"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 1 1 49 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A male person; a chap, fellow or guy."
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-5JnZAnnm",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"chap",
"chap"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"guy",
"guy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 1 1 49 42",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "enm:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 0 0 0 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "enm:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A husband; a male partner in marriage."
],
"id": "en-cherl-enm-noun-F1ACE767",
"links": [
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, rare) A husband; a male partner in marriage."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃøːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃœrl/",
"note": "especially Southern or Southwest Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃoːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃurl/",
"note": "especially Northern or Northwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "cherl"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms of address",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Feudalism",
"enm:Male people",
"enm:Marriage"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "Chorlton"
},
{
"word": "*cheorlton"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "churl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "churl"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "churle"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "chourle"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "chorl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorl",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeorl",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorl"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċeorl",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karilaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "carl",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of carl",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċeorl, from Proto-West Germanic *karil, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz; thus a doublet of carl.\nThe variant /t͡ʃoːrl/ (and subsequent /t͡ʃurl/ with shortening) reflects a shift of stress to the second element of Old English /e͜oː/ (from earlier /e͜o/ with lengthening after /rl/; the unlengthened form yields /t͡ʃɔrl/) after /t͡ʃ/; compare chesen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cherles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheerl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheril",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherld",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chirl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherril",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "charle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "chorll",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ireland"
]
},
{
"form": "cheorl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chorl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chorle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churl",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "churlle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cherelle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cherl",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cherles"
},
"expansion": "cherl (plural cherles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
109,
115
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
123,
131
]
],
"english": "[…] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]",
"ref": "c. 1340 [c. 1175], Kẏng Alıſaundre (Lincoln's Inn MS. Hale 150), Shropshire, translation of Roman de toute chevalerie by Thomas de Kent (in Anglo-Norman), published c. 1400, folio 82, recto; republished as Alysaunder, London: The Honourable Society of Lincoln’s Inn Rare Books and Manuscripts Online, 4 April 2023:",
"text": "[…] ffoꝛ he hadde in pat rocher / Yloꝛe mony a counſeıler / Monẏ duẏk monẏ eoꝛl / Monẏ baroun knẏȝt sweẏn and cheoꝛl […]",
"translation": "[…] since he had at that cliff / lost many counsellors, / many dukes, many counts, / many barons, knights, attendants, and peasants […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A serf or peasant; a feudal tenant farmer."
],
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"feudal",
"feudal"
],
[
"tenant",
"tenant"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A servant or bondsman; one who serves a noble."
],
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"noble",
"noble"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Someone not belonging to the nobility or clergy:",
"A freeman (as opposed to a slave)"
],
"links": [
[
"belong",
"belong"
],
[
"nobility",
"nobility"
],
[
"clergy",
"clergy"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose#English"
],
[
"slave",
"slave#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A boor or simpleton; an ignorant or unrefined person."
],
"links": [
[
"boor",
"boor"
],
[
"simpleton",
"simpleton"
],
[
"ignorant",
"ignorant"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A male person; a chap, fellow or guy."
],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"chap",
"chap"
],
[
"fellow",
"fellow"
],
[
"guy",
"guy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A husband; a male partner in marriage."
],
"links": [
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, rare) A husband; a male partner in marriage."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃøːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃœrl/",
"note": "especially Southern or Southwest Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃoːrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔrl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃurl/",
"note": "especially Northern or Northwest Midland"
}
],
"word": "cherl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cherl meaning in Middle English (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.